Author: Steingrimur Thorbjarnarson

North America rotates anti-clockwise away from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge towards the Pacific Plate. It is constantly displayed by NASA. The drift vectors are in harmony with the convection cells and mantle currents within the globe. Comparing with real data, an approximation for the drift can be made:

In this way (please compare with data at the NASA website) we can see the present situation, and predict how the continent will move relative to the main lines. Especially, former position of main points of the convection cell system can be traced, explaining geological features in those areas in context with other circumstances during those times.

The United States of America are divided into two parts. So can we explain that further? Let us draw a NS-axis accurately in the middle.

The contrast becomes clear with a single line. But the upper horizontal line is important. It spans exactly 60°. And the two corners are those of two hubs of the convection cell system. So here is the position of the USA:

The path of the convection lines forms hubs where upper and lower cells meet with each other. So the coasts are actually found to lean to those two points. Just to show how detailed this marvelous coherence between the continent of America and the convection cells underneath is, have a look at this map:

This is how the North American continent is divided into two, or perhaps a few, parts.

Probably someone does not understand the meaning of the lines drawn. The basics: A pair of parallel lines shows the location of one convection roll. There are two layers of convection rolls between 120-410 km depth. Below that, there are large convection rolls, marked with wider lines.

Looking at a World Map, a long ridge does decorate the Indian Ocean, called the Ninetyeast Ridge. It simply lies close to 90°E. It is not the only NS feature in the area, because the Chagos Trench is found west of it, forming a parallel. And there is a mystery:

This square is surprisingly regular, besides that the interval between Ninetyeast and Chagos along equator spans 15°. That is half the width of a large convection cell in lower mantle… So why is that? Actually we need one more step of investigation to understand a bit what is going on. There are more NS faults found east of the Ninetyeast Ridge, so they seem to be a part of the same piece in the puzzle.

The Indian Ocean floor Indian Ocean floor drifts to NE, a direction that does not seem to have anything in common with NS. Still, at equator the main division point between convection cells is found at the coast of Sumatra. Therefore this NS framework can be considered as spanning 30° along equator and showing its effect directly southwards due to NS symmetry of the convection currents.

This is therefore the holistic piece. The Central Indian Ridge forms the western edge of the framework. The eastern most suspicious NS lines are found extending from the division point of Sumatra coast of the equator line.

The equator plane is essential for the convection cell system. Therefore I add the division points map here:

Finally, to get a bird’s eye view of the surroundings of Ninetyeast Ridge and the relevant square, let us compare it with the convection cell division line main pattern:

This is the square, spanning 30° along equator.

Hveragerði is a town surrounded with steam. Tracing the mantle currents, the town is found to have a very central location.

Greenhouses of Hveragerði with steam from hotsprings in the background.

The main mantle division line is considered to be that of the deep mantle currents responsible for opening the Atlantic Ocean. A further analysis shows how the convection rolls above form a network providing circulation of magma material around the globe. The division lines of convection rolls of all the layers happen to cross under Hveragerði, including the main division line of the lower mantle. This makes the location so special.

What is found on the surface at Hveragerði…

What is found to be below…

Langisjór is a world of its own, and so important to geology. As it is a very long feature, about 20 km, it shows the main alignment of the relevant volcanic zone quite well. The world’s mantle convection cells are arranged according to the formula used here, and it is exhibited quite clearly at Langisjór:

The accuracy is a proof that this is the correct way to compare surface features with the system of convection currents underneath, as shown in a previous post about Langisjór.