Author: Steingrimur Thorbjarnarson

Katla and Eyjafjallajökull are the southernmost volcanoes, except for the Westman Islands. The framework extending from Hekla to Katla, along with Eyjafallajökull and Torfajökull exhibit the main tectonic fault directions. Usually we emphasize on the alignment of the Eastern Volcanic Zone in general (to the NE), but a simplified drawing of the polygons formed by the convection rolls look like that:

What is specially pointed out here is the connection of Katla with Torfajökull. The light coloured area shows two different alignments, originated from the NS-axis of the polygon. The NW trending faults are mirrored against the NE faults, having the same deviation from North, in opposite directions. The Torfajökull area is in a way confined south of the EW central polygon axis.

This interplay of EW-NE-NS-ES factors and even combinations of these have to be screened to understand the tectonics and distribution of volcanic sites. As previously mentioned, Hekla itself is askew with the system, but it can also be easily calculated like the rest of the southern features.

Katla is a mystery, because no one has seen the volcano. Now we can detect it easily with modern technology through the ice sheet of Mýrdalsjökull, but somehow it remains obscure.

The division lines between convection rolls crossing below the mountain are marked on the map below. The black line is a downwelling line of the upper most layer, and the red line is upwelling line of the second layer.

Many of the most famous active areas in Iceland are found along these lines. That is in accordance with the activity of Katla – surprising everyone each time it erupts.

It is known that Drangey is less than 700,000 years old, because its rocks did form within our period of geomagnetic reversal. The volcanic zone of Drangey did appear at the same time as the Snæfellsnes volcanic zone, but now it is extinct. However, geologically  speaking Drangey and the volcanic zone are rather young formations and can be compared with contemporary active areas. Then we get this picture:

Note that the dotted lines from the central line (showing the deep mantle division) have exactly the same length. Therefore, the distance from the crater of Eyjafjallajökull to the centre, and from the center to Drangey, are exactly the same, besides being accurately on the same NS-axis. The same applies for Snæfell and Snæfellsjökull along the latitude of 64°48′N . From the same central point, the distance is exactly the same form Snæfell to the said central point as the distance from the center to Snæfellsjökull.

This type of consistency is impossible to achieve, unless reality is involved.

This is an island of stories and wonders. Please check it out.

Is it possible to use what we know about Earth to find out more about the Earth’s Moon? At least we can extrapolate the proportions of Earth’s layers and see whether that fits for the Moon. It looks like this:

This is a guess, but it fits very well, and is in coherence with the convection cell theory.

What is new in this is claiming that the inner core has the radius of about 123 km. The other layers have been measured according to Apollo seismic data.

Extrapolating in this simple way is of course a bold method, but what we begin with is this picture of the Earth:

As long as direct measurements are not violated, this can be seen as a valid contribution to the discussion. As far as I know, the diameter of the Moon has not been measured directly yet. Inge Lehmann found the inner core of the Earth in 1936.

Earthquakes can tell a story. The The Icelandic Met Office provides information about earthquakes in and around Iceland. The earthquakes which occurred yesterday (15th of July 2018) on the Reykjanes Ridge make up a row perpendicular to the ridge itself.

I added a line showing the calculated angle of the lower convection cell layer. this type of alignment often occurs, more and less unnoticed.

Just for comparison, the convection cell grid is shown here on a map from the Icelandic Met Office to see how it works.

     This is the site of an intersection point between polygons, where the Reykjanes Ridge makes a slight turn towards the Reykjanes Peninsula. South of this point, the Reykjanes Ridge follows the convection cell line.