The layers of Earth allow space for a certain type of mantle convection process, called RB convection, where ‘R’ stands for Rayleigh and ‘B’ for Bénard. This type of convection should also be expected to occur within the Earth. RB convection has been studied quite intesively, and laboratory experiments with mantle material lead to the formation of convection rolls. It should be pointed out here that a section of RB convection rolls should have equal height and width.
If the RB convection rolls sections are inserted into the equatorial plane, this is the first result, as shown above. The equatorial plane has a double function, as it is both a plane of convection and rotation. When the convectional plane and rotational plane are one and the same, this simple picture emerges shown above. It fits perfectly, can be logically explained, and should therefore be studied further.
Then what happens when the rotational plane and convectional plane are separated? For us, what happens is that we have to deal with those two factors separately. The proportions, when considered from the side of physics of convection and rotation together, remain the same for different latitudes. This is shown here below:
A convection roll section is examined at latitude A and latitude B. Section A is at equator with equal height and width. B is at a higher latitude, which is shorter and the deapth is the same, so at first it seem disproportionate, but according to physics it still has the proportions of a section of equal height and width. The rotational part is not combined with the convectional part, but when comparing them and putting them together, it is obvious that the rules of RB convection apply at B in the same way as at A. We are not used to think about two separate things at one time, so we better take the trouble to take those two factors of convection and rotation and combine them graphically to be able to understand this. Thereby, we can see that RB convection is taking place at all latitudes, not only within the plane of equator.
The remaining analysis concentrates on the horizontal layout of the convection rolls. The horizontal part can be calculated, and therefore the location of the rolls of different layers is known and can be used to explain geological features all over the world.
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