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The Nile flows northwards. The Egyptians and the Greeks noted this with curiousity. Eratosthenes made use of that fact to measure the circumference of the Earth more than 2000 years ago. We can still learn something from this mighty river. It is originated at equator and flows directly northwards (as accurately as possible for a river) towards the Mediterranean at 30°N. Let us have a look at Google map:

Why on Earth did Nile choose this path? Actually, it can be explained. Rotation of the Earth actually directs it directly northwards, but the mechanism involved can only be understood in context with the convection rolls of the mantle. The symmetry of polygons creates a tectonic path aligned NS. The special condition along equator of weather and tectonics combined create the origins. The estuary is also at a special point, but that has to be explained separately with a map:

The two layers of convection rolls between 120-410 km depth form a holistic circular path (mathematically according to horizontal cylindrical projection). The path shown also represents the division line of the large cells of lower mantle. The backflow (strongest mantle backflow line) is found to pass the estuary of the Nile.

This can be compared with the estuary of Amazon river, found exactly at the division point of large cells along equator.

The convection rolls shall be oriented exactly NS at 32°N and 32°S. Is there any indication for this? Let us have a quick look. What about these two locations:

This surely can not be closer to NS.

Neither can this.

This means we can find very prominent features at 32°N and 32°S aligned NS, the same way as the convection rolls underneath.

Can we find something more special at the 32nd latitudes?

Knowing that the distance from the outer part of Earth’s core to the top of the Gutenberg layer is the same as the diameter of the core, you can tell that convection within that space is virtually circular. It is one of those ideas becoming clear in a fraction of a second. After that we just need to work through the details to find out new things about Earth.

It is logical that convection that has been going on for billions of years has identical height and breadth. By adhering throughout to the same principle of identical height and breadth of convection rolls within every layer, and then a perfect horizontal path shaped by the Coriolis Effect, the interior of the Earth had been mapped.

Therefore it is possible to provide endless examples about wonders of the world.

It is easy to learn step by step. Step 1: In the upper most 120 km of the Earth, no convection takes place. The brittle layer of continents is thick, while the brittle layer of oceans is thinner. The ductile layer below works as a buffer, always adjusting the total thickness of a tectonic plate to 120 km.

So let us have a look at a drawing:

All the Eart’s surface is of that total thickness. The division line between brittle and ductile part is called the Moho discontinuity. The 120 km discontinuity divides the tectonic plates from the convective under-layer.

Step 2: Looking a bit further down it looks like this, with the two upper most layers of convection:

Step 3: Learn how these rolls extend over the whole Earth!

Step 4: Realize what the regular pattern of mantle convection rolls looks like 🙂

These rolls can be compered with the upper and lower currents of the ocean, and the upper and lower part of the troposphere of our atmosphere. Therefore it was possible to derive the exact shape and position of these rolls.

The large convection cells within the Earth according to analysis of a model where rolls are formed with identical height and breadth. S-America and Indonesia are ‘mirrored’:

This amazing fact can be elaborated on in countless ways. Let us compare two points:

These pictures show how the coasts of S-America and Papua follow the same trend. The trend can be calculated as for horizontal forces at 0° latitude, about 12.5° compared with EW-axis. As the red arrow show, identical tectonic features appear exactly the same distance away from the division point of convection rolls at equator, marked with yellow position pin of Google map inside the red circles.

Finland is a country of lakes. The glacier of the ice age did dig out these sites of peaceful surroundings. One can easily find a certain direction many of the lakes follow. Calculating according to Coriolis Effect the path of mantle convection rolls fits exactly to this alignment. This can be shown on the base of a Google map:

It is just amazing how accurately these calculations fit for tectonics and topography.

This can be calculated because the convection rolls sway according to the difference of rotation speed of the Earth from one latitude to another in a perfectly regular way. This is the same effect as governs the path of wind and sea currents. The mantle under Finland has made way for the glacier in harmony with the alignment of convection rolls.