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Hveragerði is a town surrounded with steam. Tracing the mantle currents, the town is found to have a very central location.

Greenhouses of Hveragerði with steam from hotsprings in the background.

The main mantle division line is considered to be that of the deep mantle currents responsible for opening the Atlantic Ocean. A further analysis shows how the convection rolls above form a network providing circulation of magma material around the globe. The division lines of convection rolls of all the layers happen to cross under Hveragerði, including the main division line of the lower mantle. This makes the location so special.

What is found on the surface at Hveragerði…

What is found to be below…

Langisjór is a world of its own, and so important to geology. As it is a very long feature, about 20 km, it shows the main alignment of the relevant volcanic zone quite well. The world’s mantle convection cells are arranged according to the formula used here, and it is exhibited quite clearly at Langisjór:

The accuracy is a proof that this is the correct way to compare surface features with the system of convection currents underneath, as shown in a previous post about Langisjór.

The most regularly shaped waterfall is Skógafoss, like an elongated page of a book. Let us have the same kind of analysis as for the the other famous waterfalls at hand.

There was not much water in it during the winter time, but the edge of it can be clearly seen. From above the alignment can be measured and compared with calculated direction of convection rolls:

No surprise, because it fits exactly to the expected value.

And above Skógafoss there are at least 25 smaller falls within the Skógá river. Are they aligned according to a formula too?

There is one famous waterfall still not mentioned here. It forms a semi-circle, but the sections have certain alignments. This is the main one:

Looking from above with the help of Google map, the alignment can compared with calculated direction of convection rolls underneath:

The river Skjálfandafljót makes a turn before it reaches the fault responsible for the waterfall. The alignment is the opposite of Dettifoss (but the same deviation from north), and the same as for Selfoss in Jökulsá á Fjöllum.

Again, a composition of differently oriented faults combine at the site of the waterfall.

Faxi

Dynjandi

Kleifarvatn is dividing N-America and Eurasia. The Krýsuvík volcanic system includes the lake with geothermal areas found both on its bottom and around it.

A view to the NE over Kleifarvatn

You can say that the mountain on the left hand side belongs to America and Europe is on the right hand side. The lake has no rivers, but after earthquakes occurring in the year 2000 the water level lowered whereas fissures in the area opened up, making way for water flow towards the ocean.

The alignment of the Sveifluháls tuff ridge can be calculated directly as it follows the polar convection cells. At 64°N the equatorial and polar convection cells are aligned the same way.