Systematic measurement and compilation of data form the foundation of scientific work. However, over time, such efforts can also foster new perspectives on existing information—perspectives that may lead to fresh discoveries and innovation. Geothermal exploration relies on a range of data: knowledge of fractures, heat gradients, aquifers, thermal conductivity, surface water chemistry, and more. Based on this information, a well is drilled, and if conditions are favorable, hot water can be extracted from the ground.
The Convection Rolls Model offers an additional, indirect method to complement these approaches. By understanding tectonic drift vectors and recognizing that the boundaries between mantle convection rolls also influence divisions within the overlying tectonic plates, we gain a new framework for selecting promising geothermal sites. Iceland provides a compelling case study.
The map below shows the distribution of high- and low-temperature geothermal areas in Iceland. High-temperature zones are typically located near the boundaries of convection rolls, with a strong spatial correlation. In contrast, low-temperature zones tend to cluster within defined polygonal regions, also showing resemblance with the convection roll structure.
Map from Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands, (Icelandic Institute of Natural History).
To identify new geothermal sites, a logical first step is to explore the intersections of convection roll boundary lines. Next, examining the distribution of known geothermal sites within the defined polygons may reveal consistent patterns — patterns that could guide the discovery of additional sites. However, this approach should be used in conjunction with established geological exploration methods to minimize the risk of error. The map, along with its scientific foundation, serves as a complementary tool to enhance the efficiency of land-based geothermal prospecting.
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